Analysis Of Fences By August Wilson - 1656 Words

The Future is in Your Hands. Children grow up naturally emulating the adults around them, for most it is their mother and father, this is natural and typically a positive thing. There are times, however, when the people that children emulate are not the best examples society has to offer. In the play Fences Cory looks up to his dad when it comes to sports. However, by the end of the play the reader starts to notice that Troy is not the man to look up to. The plot in Fences by August Wilson is centered around an African American family that looks at the world a little differently by that I mean when Troy was young people believed blacks shouldn’t be able to do the things whites can. People were rude and outspoken about how they felt when it came to sharing public things with blacks. Now Troy’s sons are living in a world that has evolved and is not as racist, the boys can go out and achieve their dreams, even if they are African American it may be difficult but is still achievable. Because of the cha nge in the way of life there has been a conflict between the two boys and their father. Troy may realize that things are different now, but that doesn’t change the fact that it is hard for him to let go of the past. Because Troy was unable to play baseball based on his race, he believes Cory shouldn’t be able to go on and play college football. This raises a big question, is Troy being unfair or is he trying to look out for his son? The main theme throughout the play Fences isShow MoreRelatedFences Analysis On Fences By August Wilson1283 Words   |  6 Pages Fences Analysis In the play â€Å"Fences† by August Wilson the play’s attitude toward women is biased, and if the play was written by a female I think it would have a stronger feminine influence. Issues such as racism and discrimination against blacks may be raised in the play that the author did not bring up, and the women in the story somewhat do generally typify women in the 1950s. To support my interpretation, the women in the play were homebodies, just worrying about the household because theyRead MoreAnalysis Of Fences By August Wilson1179 Words   |  5 PagesFences, August Wilson The close reading process for this play occurs in three stages: 1. First Read (Days 2 and Day 3): Students are not to cold read the play during this period. It is essential for their understanding that this first read comes from a fluent adult reader or (less ideally) from a recording of the play. Teachers should pre-select moments of tension or surprise when students should stop and jot their thoughts, ideas and questions about the text. The suggested cues for the openRead MoreAnalysis Of Fences By August Wilson1340 Words   |  6 Pagescharacter who, for the most part, is a benevolent person, but suffers from his or her hamartia and hubris, which ultimately leads to their downfall and recognition of their poor choices, as well as the reversal of their situation. The play Fences written by August Wilson describes the struggles and hardships of an African-American family endeavoring to live the American Dream in the 1950s. Although some may argue that the main character, Troy, is not a tragic hero, evidence in the play fortifies that heRead MoreAnalysis Of Fences By August Wilson1251 Words   |  6 PagesFences by August Wilson is a play about African American life during the 1950’s era, it reflects a transitional time where African Americans begin to stand up and fight against racism. The father son relationship is a centering conflict within the play Fences. Throughout the play we are immersed into this complex connection of Troy and his two sons, Cory and Lyon. Troy struggles to create an identity separate from what is forced on him through an oppressive society. His battle with identity streamsRead MoreAnalysis Of Fences By August Wilson1612 Words   |  7 Pages In August Wilson s play Fences, he uses his piece to explain that someone unable to control their actions caused by selfish, hatred, or angry emotions will cause issues in one s personal life, general decisions, and in family life. Wilson hopes to target people who can t control their emotions and wishes to prevent the negative effects of uncontrolled actions caused by negative emotion. The inability to control one s emotions can harm their friends, decision making, and family. Wilson mainRead MoreAnalysis Of Fences By August Wilson Essay1837 Words   |  8 PagesFences written by August Wilson, the setting reveals the man that Troy Maxson really is. The set of the play represents Troy Maxson’s character within the play where him and his family reside in a fenced in yard of Troy’s front porch, brick house. He is proud to provide a home for his family. However, Troy has not accomplished this achievement on his own. Which takes a toll on Troy when he realizes he has nothing to show for his life which leads Troy to feel ashamed of himself. The protagonist, TroyRead MoreAnalysis Of August Wilsons Fences 1800 Words   |  8 PagesAugust Wilsons â€Å"Fences† takes us on a journey that transforms the 20th century impression of a Negro Family with Insatiability, Tenderness, and Sacrifice. The famous play is an autobiography of an American Negro man who loses his dreams for the people he loves. Fences demonstrates us what sacrifice looks li ke and how egocentricity still exist today. Fences takes place with a family in Pittsburgh from 1957 to 1965. The characters are Troy, Bono, Rose, Lyons, Gabriel, Cory, and Raynell. Fï  ¥Ã¯  ®Ã¯  £Ã¯  ¥Ã¯  ³Ã¯â‚¬  Ã¯  ©s importantRead MoreAnalysis Of `` Fences `` By August Wilson867 Words   |  4 Pagesa family. August Wilson’s â€Å"Fences† portrays extremely well what happens when a member of the family decides to forget his or her duties. The use of metaphors and symbols throughout the play such as baseball and fences, illustrate exactly why Troy Maxson as a family man was destined for disappointment. Rose, Troy’s wife in the play was the obvious voice of reason between the two; all she wanted was an interrupted happy family life. The fences that she put up were not physical fences but ratherRead MoreAnalysis Of Fences By August Wilson1240 Words   |  5 Pagescontinued to pursue this goal despite the likeliness of failure? Would it still be worth it? Fences by August Wilson tells the story of an impoverished African-American family in the 1950s and the father Troy’s failed American Dream. The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald illustrates the upper class in the Roaring Twenties and a man named Gatsby who also fails to attain his long-awaited dream. Both Wilson, in Fences, and Fitzgerald, in The Great Gatsby don’t believe solely in the dreamer or solely in theRead MoreAnalysis Of Fences By August Wilson1307 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1990, after Paramount Pictures and playwright August Wilson came to a disagreement about the adaptation of his play Fences, Wil son published an Op-Ed in Spin magazine titled â€Å"I Want a Black Director.† The Spike Lee edited piece discussed what Wilson saw as the penultimate disagreement between himself and the studio, stating specifically: â€Å"At the time of my last meeting with Paramount Pictures in January 1990, a well-known, highly respected white director wanted very much to direct the film

Compare the ways Shakespeare presents fear and doubt in...

Compare and contrast how doubt and uncertainty are presented in Richard III and Macbeth Macbeth is a tragedy play written by William Shakespeare. The play is set in Scotland during the mid 11th century. But, the play was written in 1606 at a time where James I was on the throne. King James was a very superstitious man who believed in magic and witchcraft and these themes were presented in Macbeth to please the King. Also the political context is important as it was included in Macbeth with the ideas of excessive ambition. On the other hand, Richard III is a historical play by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1592. It presents the Machiavellian rise to power and subsequent short reign of Richard III of England. In†¦show more content†¦In Richard III, Shakespeare uses personification and rhetorical questions to present the doubts and uncertainties of Richard III in his play. This is seen in the line: â€Å"Cold fearful drops stand on my trembling flesh. What do I fear? Myself? There’s none else by† In this quote Shakespeare shows an unstable mind frame in Richard III. He has woken up from a dream where the ghosts of the people he has killed appear to him. In this quote we see a change in Richard’s attitude. â€Å"trembling flesh† shows that Richard has clearly been scared by his confrontation. This isn’t the only change in Richard’s attitudes as he becomes uncertain progressively in this soliloquy. There are two separate voices talking in Richard’s minds, the internalized voices that are shown throughout the play to the other characters. Now he is judging and questioning himself. The false looking glass that Richard has been called has now been focused onto himself, and he cannot see himself clearly anymore or he has lost the plot. The idea of two different perspectives in his minds in present and also two perspective of his life, there is a battle between dream and reality is present and has caused uncertainty as he doesn’t know the difference after these ghosts appear. Shakespeare has used caesura to present the change in attitude of Richard also this supports the idea of Richard having an internal voiceShow MoreRelatedThe Horrendous Evil Within Shakespeares Macbeth1953 Words   |  8 PagesThe Horrendous Evil Within Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Macbeth by William Shakespeare is a recognized classic tragedy portraying the victory of good over evil. This paper will explore the various expressions of evil within the play.    In Everybodys Shakespeare: Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies, Maynard Mack compares the fall of Macbeth to the fall of Satan:    In some ways Shakespeares story resembles the story of the Fall of Satan. Macbeth has imperial longings, as Satan has; he isRead More evilmac Macbeths Profound Evil Essay1956 Words   |  8 PagesMacbeths Profound Evil      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When the audience experiences Macbeth by William Shakespeare, it is subjected to a heavy dose of evil in the form of intent and actions by the witches, by Lady Macbeth and by Macbeth.    L.C. Knights in the essay Macbeth specifies the particular species of evil present within the play:    Macbeth defines a particular kind of evil - the evil that results from a lust for power. The defining, as in all the tragedies, is in strictly poetic and dramaticRead MoreDeep Evil in Shakespeares Macbeth1956 Words   |  8 PagesDeep Evil in Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚   Macbeth by William Shakespeare involves evil on the part of Macbeth, his Lady, and the three witches. This essay will consider evil in its many guises in this tragedy.    In Macbeth as the Imitation of an Action Francis Fergusson describes the evil course of action within the drama:      At this point there is the brief interlude with the Doctor. The kings evil and its cure and the graces which hang about the English throne are briefly described. [Read MoreMacbeths Evil Dimension1973 Words   |  8 PagesMacbeths Evil Dimension      Ã‚   Can the audience fully appreciate the depth of evil presented in the tragic drama Macbeth by William Shakespeare? This essay explores the various aspects of evil from beginning to end of the drama.    In his book, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, H. S. Wilson emphasizes the evil coexisting with traces of good in the play:    He is capable of gentleness and generosity: there is a tender human love between him and his wife, though they are bothRead MoreMacbeths Unrelenting Evil1955 Words   |  8 PagesMacbeths Unrelenting Evil      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Macbeth by William Shakespeare represents unrelenting evil from beginning to end. Who is the most evil? What motivates the evil intentions and actions? This paper intends to answer these questions.    D. F. Bratchell in Shakespearean Tragedy delineates the specific type of evil within the tragedy:    Long regarded as a profound vision of evil, Macbeth differs from the other Shakespearean tragedies in that the evil is transferred from the villainRead More evilmac Macbeths Evil Aspect Essay4023 Words   |  17 PagesMacbeths Evil Aspect      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Macbeth by William Shakespeare rrepresents unrelenting evil from beginning to end. Who is th emost evil? What motivates the evil intentions and actions? This paper intends to answer these questions.    Charles Lamb in On the Tragedies of Shakespeare explains the impact of evil as seen in Macbeths initial murder:    The state of sublime emotion into which we are elevated by those images of night and horror which Macbeth is made to utter, that solemn preludeRead MorePlay Macbeth11985 Words   |  48 PagesAt the beginning of the play, Macbeth is a respected general, a devoted husband, and a loyal subject of the king. The first of the witches prophecies bring out his ambitious nature, but he struggles with killing the king. By attacking his manhood, Lady Macbeth convinces him to committ the first of his evil deeds. Macbeths evil deed causes him to suffer from fear and guilt, which leads to even more evil crimes. Then Macbeth becomes paranoid, suffering from hallucinations and sleeplessness. He becomesRead MorePlay Macbeth11979 Words   |  48 PagesAt the beginning of the play, Macbeth is a respected general, a devoted husband, and a loyal subject of the king. The first of the witches prophecies bring out his ambitious nature, but he struggles with killing the king. By attacking his manhood, Lad y Macbeth convinces him to committ the first of his evil deeds. Macbeths evil deed causes him to suffer from fear and guilt, which leads to even more evil crimes. Then Macbeth becomes paranoid, suffering from hallucinations and sleeplessness. He becomesRead More William Faulkners Use of Shakespeare Essay5388 Words   |  22 PagesWilliam Faulkners Use of Shakespeare Throughout his career William Faulkner acknowledged the influence of many writers upon his work--Twain, Dreiser, Anderson, Keats, Dickens, Conrad, Balzac, Bergson, and Cervantes, to name only a few--but the one writer that he consistently mentioned as a constant and continuing influence was William Shakespeare. Though Faulkner’s claim as a fledgling writer in 1921 that â€Å"[he] could write a play like Hamlet if [he] wanted to† (FAB 330) may be dismissed asRead MoreMacbeth9435 Words   |  38 Pages------------------------------------------------- Macbeth From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about Shakespeare s play. For other uses, see  Macbeth (disambiguation). A poster for a  c.  1884 American production ofMacbeth, starring Thomas W. Keene. Depicted, counter clockwise from top-left, are: Macbeth and Banquo meet the  witches; just after the murder ofDuncan; Banquo s ghost; Macbeth duels Macduff; and Macbeth. Macbeth  is a play written by  William Shakespeare. It is considered one of his darkest

International law Free Essays

The following essay is divided into the following sections: Introduction Definitions Positivism Realism International law Conclusion List of works cited Law is a concept of governance that involves the stipulation and establishment of rules and regulations that are enforced to shape politics, economics, and society. It is put in place by various governmental institutions to govern a community. Law moderates our day-to-day lives with regards to human relationships. We will write a custom essay sample on International law or any similar topic only for you Order Now It has various oncepts to it; company law, property law, trust law, criminal law, constitutional law, administrative law, international law, and civil law. The study of law allows for review and revision of these rules and regulations ensuring that none is faulty or biased in any manner to a single party of the human population. Definitions The above mentioned concepts are in light of the various activities we indulge in. Contract law deals with regulation of trade terms relating to establishments of contracts. Property law deals in ownership rights and ownership transfers of personal property. It is often called Chattel law. We can say that Trust law applies to assets that are secured for financial reasons. A concept of law that was not mentioned previously in the introduction part is Tort law. This law enables one to apply for compensation in the case of loss of or damage of personal property (Byers 22). Criminal law establishes the way and reasons for perpetrator prosecution. Constitutional law protects the human rights as well as providing the legal framework for the governance of a state, and its laws. Administrative law presents governmental policies after they have been reviewed by governmental agencies, while international aw controls and manages interstates sovereign decisions in trade and military action regulations (Wallace 198). The law forms a ground on which all mankind is considered equal, and offers Justice systems in equal proportions to every citizen. The three main arms of government are responsible for creating and enforcing legal systems of a state. These three are the executive, the Judiciary, and the legislature Positivism This legal term, if applied in the context of international relation, asserts that each nation remains bound by the specific international laws it deems fit to undertake as art of its governing criteria, but otherwise, it would be free to act accordingly as it wishes were it not for those laws. It continues to clash in idealism with the assertions of realism and natural law till today (Kelsen 310). Its sociological rationale is that, sensible knowledge is derived from authentic sources like facts, experience, and positive verification. It suggests that law is based primarily on the command of the ruler. †°mile Durkheim redefined Sociological positivism. Later sociologists found it conflicting with their beliefs and came up with the Anti-positivism concept. Karl Popper and Thomas Kuhn led to the development of post-positivism. The stipulation of positivism developed as conflict continued to abound the topic questioning the existence of higher norms of international relations that constrict the freedom of sovereign states (Dixon 341). In the study of legal systems, positivism can be taken to establishment of international law is entirely dependent on natural law, it becomes apparent that positivism and international law come to a conflict on some level (Armstrong 71). Realism This theory is based on the argument that, since all laws are made by human beings, or human beings, then it is subject to human error. On the context of international relations, we can interpret this to imply that in order for a realist to conquer, he must put aside all feelings of morality and friendship, and concentrate on building power on his part. In the context of international law, we can say that it is an act out of selfish interests (Oppenheim 123). Its general rationale is achieving a nation’s goal without regard of the other nations. This prevents the nation from being vulnerable from other ruthless adversaries. Therefore, since war and conflict arise often etween countries, a country should try gain an advantage over the others to make it stronger. Realists dismiss the significance of law in international relations because they believe there is no need to regard an issue that will limit your influence as a leader among your subjects. International law These are the rules and regulations put in place to govern international relations between any two participants or nations. This institution maintains order and legal privileges in the international community. It consists of treaties and long-lasting agreements that primarily concern nations and provinces, rather than private itizens. Some of the rulings made in international cases determine the ruling of other nations in the same premise. This way it can form resolutions between regions globally, ensuring that equal Justice is offered for the wrong-doing of an offense previously encountered. International law helps maintain countries in peaceful relations with each other, trying to avoid the outbreak of a war where innocent lives might be lost or destroyed (Shaw 77-79). It only falls short in execution of its enforcement strategies, seeing that the enforcement program is young as well as underdeveloped. The issue only gets more complicated considering the sovereignty and independence of the member countries. No nation would subject itself to legal punishment knowing well that it can avoid participation of the legal program and act as it wishes. It would be binding itself in laws it has helped establish. In this premise, it suggests that positivism disregards the rule of international law (Salli Swartz 112). Realism remains a very important aspect of influential magnitude in colleges that study legal systems. Legal realism teaches political science as a social science and in udicial studies as a specialized discipline. Legal bodies that govern international relations seek to maintain harmony and peace among member countries while trying to prevent possible conflict between two nations regardless of their membership. It requires that the international laws stipulated be considered into the national Justice system to prevent any nation from conflicting with others. Conclusion International law demands that participating countries partake of its Justice systems. Realism asserts that only when a country chooses to bind itself with these rules can it e party to international legal punishment. Positivism asserts that a country can choose to place its needs first before the interests of other countries (Barker 71-72). In this sense the two legal premises conflict in ideology. However, international law demands that democratic states adopt international law into their internal legal law is left to its own discretion (Reus-Smit 101). It only demands that the nation ultimately conforms to the laws. It also insists that regardless of what a nation’s internal laws dictate, it cannot take them as an excuse to not comply with nternational agreements as stipulated by international bodies like the United Nations. How to cite International law, Papers

Analysis of the Rule of Law and Democracy

Question: Discuss about theAnalysis of the Rule of Law and Democracy. Answer: Element 1: Plan The Rubric Marking criteria for this essay required us to thoroughly research and understand the statement given with respect to the legal system of Australia. In the short essay, I have tried to explain the quotation of Allan Amanyire. Through that quotation I have tried to explain the relationship between the democracy and the rule of law. I have also touched aspects where both these lack and have tried to state the reason behind this. I have also highlighted the relation of democracy and rule of lack with the Australian legal system. To understand the application of fundamental principles of law especially from a business perspective, I have provided how various laws relate to those principles. Though I did face some challenges while searching for the fundamental principles of law from business perspective. In order to complete this essay, I assigned some time each day and researched so as to excel at this assignment. Element 2: Essay In the following pages, a discussion has been made regarding the relationship between democracy and law. Democracy and law go hand in hand and one cannot survive without the other. This very essence is covered in this document. An understanding has also been reached in the analysis of democracy and rule of law with relation to the Australian Legal System. Lastly, a study on the fundamental principles of law from the perspective of business has been done. The general assembly of UN (UN Chronicle, 2012) and the Security Council have emphasized that the rule of law and democracy are interlinked and they both are mutually reinforcing. Rules of law, at the very root are formed by the people. Democracy can literally be defined as a system of government where the officials are elected by the people eligible to vote. In other words it is the representation of the people. Both rule of law and democracy are formed by the individuals elected or selected for the respective purpose (Cambridge University Press, 2003). The effects of lack of democracy means that the elected governments have somewhere failed to fulfill the basic needs of the voters. The basic principles of democracy are breached and that causes the lack of effective democracy. These principles include equality; accountability; transparency; control over abuse of power; free and clear elections; political tolerance; and economic freedom among the others. The lack of rule of law contains the situation where the people on whom the law is applicable, fail to follow it (Rule of Law Institute of Australia, 2012). There is a sort of casual attitude towards the failure to follow the law. Moreover, there are situations where people take advantage of the loopholes in law. The law when taken as a mechanism for government and the government is at times deemed above the law. The rule of law (World Justice Project, 2016) actually means that everyone is bound by the same law and this includes the government. When the first case occurs in any society that is when the lack in rule of law begins. As both law and democracy go together (Habermas, 1995), when there is a lack of democracy and the rule of law, it affects everyone equally. It does not differentiate between a rich person and a poor person, it hurts everyone equally. Even in cases of big corporation or new start ups; or educated person or an illiterate person; and even an employed one or unemployed one, the ill effects hits everyone in the same way. Everyone has to bear the burn of such shortfalls in democracy and law. Allan Amanyire has right said those lines. The Australian legal system is broadly divided into statue laws, federal laws and the common laws. The British colonies have hugely impacted at the present day legal system in Australia (Charrett and Bell, 2011). They gave Australia the very basis of federation (Museum of Australian Democracy, 2016) system, which means that there is a segmentation of power between the state/ territorial governments and the federal government. Each state in Australia has its own set of laws and these are known as statue laws. Some powers are given only to the federal government which includes defense, taxation, external affairs, marriage and divorce, etc. Federal law is also known as the Constitutional law as these are the laws made by the Commonwealth. The powers which are not covered under the federal government but is within the territory of state/territory government, forms a part of the statute laws of that state. When there is ambiguity between these two, the common laws are applied (State Libra ry New South Wales, 2011). The Australian legal system is built on principles of democracy and the preservation of fundamental values and the beliefs of the community. The Australian legal system has been formed keeping in mind the rules, customs, religious beliefs, common laws, customary laws, codes and the laws (SACE, 2005) received from British. Australia is a Constitutional Monarchy where the Queen of England is the Head of State (Australian Government, 2016) and represented in the country by a Governor-General. Australia can become a republic nation but the people keep voting against this option. A republic referendum was held on November 6, 1999 in Australia asking its people if the country should become republic. Nearly 54.87% people voted against this referendum in the turnout of 95.1% voters (Australian Electoral Commission, 2011). Currently, Australia works as a parliamentary democracy where the people elect the representatives from amongst themselves and these representatives make the laws on behalf of those voters. Hence, it can be said that people decide who will be the lawmakers in the nation. Australian legal system also plays a crucial role in the very structure and framework of business. A study of various laws regarding any business gives the clarity between the right and wrongs of a business. The area of business law in the Australian legal system is huge as one need to get aware about different laws which can range from taxation to torts or from consumer protection to international trade. In order to avoid any legal hassle or to just lower the chances of a legal dispute, these laws have to be considered in a business. The most important law from the business perspective in any nation is the contract law. In order to conduct any business, a contract has to be formed. A contract is a promise (s) between two or more parties to do something in exchange of a consideration. It is a legally binding agreement for the parties involved. A contract has some major points, viz., agreement (an offer has to be given and acceptance has to be received); consideration (an economic value has to be paid which is to be decided between the parties); capacity (the persons entering the contract have to be of clear mental capacity and of legal age); and intention (the pares to the contract must have the intent to enter into the agreement). Relief is provided in cases where a breach of contract is made (The Association of Business Executives, 2016). Private obligations have two main branches, the contract law and the law of tort. When a civil wrong is done but there is no breach of contract, tort law is applied. Examples where tort law is applicable are negligence, personal injury, trespassing, and defamation (Trindade, Cane and Lunney, 2007). Torts are not a crime; they are more of civil wrongdoings. And hence, one can seek a civil claim in the nature of a compensation or injunction. The tort law of Australia has its roots in the common laws of United Kingdom. Tort law is brought forward in order to correct the wrong done to a private individual. A law should be a clear set of rules made to regulate the human conduct. Any ambiguity can lead to loopholes and such advantages in turn lead to misuse of law. It has to be stable and uniform for all and should be backed by coercive lawmakers. Any violation should lead to some sort of punishment. Business laws of Australia cover these fundamental principles of law. In order to better understand the importance of fundamental principles of law in a business (Kelly and Holmes, 1997), some examples have been discussed. In order to start any business, certain permissions are to be acquired which are uniform for all. In case a dispute in a contract, the parties have right to take legal recourse. Transparent laws and procedures for the same have been laid down. If a consumer is deceived or feels cheated, various consumer forums for seeking relief are available for them. Hence, business laws also follow the basic rule of law which is, for the people and by the people. To conclude what has been discussed till now, we need to rely on the very statement which started this discussion. The democracy and laws lack in places and these affect all the parties equally. A loophole in Competition and Consumer Act 2010 will effects each of the person who falls in the ambit of this act. The very makers and elected representatives are responsible for such loopholes. Democracy and rule of law are very similar and at the same time very different in nature. Whilst the both are made by the people but sometimes one can dominate the other and thereby result in the non attainment of very basis for which they are known. Some light was also thrown at the principles of law and how they give birth to different laws specifically made for the purpose of safeguarding the fundamentals. References Australian Electoral Commission (2011) Key Results. Available from: https://www.aec.gov.au/Elections/referendums/1999_Referendum_Reports_Statistics/Key_Results.htm [Accessed 18/08/12]. Australian Government (2016) How Government Works. Available from: https://www.australia.gov.au/about-government/how-government-works [Accessed 18/08/12]. Cambridge University Press (2003) Democracy and the Rule of Law [Online] Cambridge University Press. Available from: https://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam034/2002035189.pdf [Accessed 18/08/12]. Charrett, D. And Bell, M. (2011). Statutory Intervention into the Common Construction Law of Australia - Progress or Regress?. Australian Construction Law Newsletter, 137(March/April) Habermas, J. (1995) On the Internal Relation between the Rule of Law and Democracy. European Journal of Philosophy, 3 (1), pp 12-20. Kelly, D. and Holmes, A. (1997) Principles of Business Law, 2nd ed. London: Cavendish Publishing Ltd. Museum of Australian Democracy (2016) Australian democracy: an overview. Available from: https://moadoph.gov.au/democracy/australian-democracy/ [Accessed 18/08/12]. Rule of Law Institute of Australia (2012) The Rule of Law: its State of Health in Australia [Online] Rule of Law Institute of Australia. Available from: https://www.ruleoflaw.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Lindgren-Rule-of-Law-Its-State-of-Health-in-Australia-20121.pdf [Accessed 18/08/12]. SACE (2005) The Australian Legal System. Available from: https://essentialseducation.com.au/wp-content/uploads/SACE2_Legal_Studies_Workbook_Sample_Pages.pdf [Accessed 18/08/12]. State Library New South Wales (2011). Information about the law in NSW. (Online) State Library New South Wales. Available from: https://www.legalanswers.sl.nsw.gov.au/guides/hot_topics/australian_legal_system/overview.html[Accessed 18/08/2016] The Association of Business Executives (2016) Principles of Business Law. Available from: https://www.dphu.org/uploads/attachements/books/books_3496_0.pdf [Accessed 18/08/12]. Trindade, F., Cane, P. and Lunney, M. (2007).The law of torts in Australia, 4th ed. South Melbourne: Oxford University Press. UN Chronicle (2012) Rule of Law and Democracy: Addressing the Gap Between Policies and Practices [Online] United Nations. Available from: https://www.idea.int/un/upload/Concept-Note-IDEA-IDLO-Italy-rev-5-0-Final.pdf [Accessed 18/08/12]. World Justice Project (2016) What is the Rule of Law? [Online] World Justice Project. Available from: https://worldjusticeproject.org/what-rule-law [Accessed 18/08/12].

Anaerobic Pond in Wastewater Treatment free essay sample

Ambient temperatures in hot-climate countries are conducive to these anaerobic reactions and expected BOD5Â  removals for different retention times in treating sewage have been given by Mara (1976) as shown in Table 2. More recently, Gambrill et al. (1986) have suggested conservative removals of BOD5Â  in anaerobic ponds as 40% below 10Â °C, at a design loading of 100 g/m3d, and 60% above 20Â °C, at a design loading of 300 g/m3d, with linear interpolation for operating temperature between 10 and 20Â °C. Higher removal rates are possible with industrial wastes, particularly those containing significant quantities of organic settleable solids. Of course, other environmental conditions in the ponds, particularly pH, must be suitable for the anaerobic microorganisms bringing about the breakdown of BOD. Table 2. BOD removals in Anaerobic Ponds loaded at 250 g (Mara 1976) BOD5/m3d. Retention Time (days)| BOD5Â  removal %| 1| 50| 2. 5| 60| 5| 70| Anaerobic ponds are normally designed on the basis of a temperature dependent empirical value for the permissible organic loading rate. We will write a custom essay sample on Anaerobic Pond in Wastewater Treatment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Land requirements will be lowest if the maximum possible BOD loading can be applied. The upper limit of the volumetric BOD loading is determined by odor emissions and minimum pH threshold value at which the anaerobic decomposition processes cease to work. The maximum BOD loading rate acceptable to avoid odor nuisance was discussed earlier in section 3. 1. However, the effect of pH must be taken into consideration. Concentrations of H2S, which is the sulphur form responsible for odors, increases sharply as the pH drops below 7. , phenomenon which may occur if an anaerobic pond is heavily loaded or overloaded (based on a BOD loading rate criterion). Sulphide may also impede methane production in anaerobic ponds if occurring at excess concentrations. The presence of heavy metals will lead to insolubilisation of sulphides (e. g. iron sulphides). Since methanogenesis is the rate-limiting factor in anaerobic metabolism, products from the preceding acidogenesis reaction may accumulate and l ead to a pH decrease.

Comparing Hemingways War Poems

Comparing Hemingways War Poems Free Online Research Papers In Ernest Hemingway’s, â€Å"A Soldier’s Home†, it tells the story of a soldier that comes home from war and finds that no one believes true war stories that the only ones that people would believe were the ones that you lied about, the ones that have yet to be told. In Tim O’Brien’s, â€Å"How to Tell a True War Story,† it tells of a man who loses his best friend in a war and pours out his heart and soul in a letter to his friends sister and she doesn’t even have the decency to write back. The point that I am trying to get across is that in both of these gentleman’s stories they are to trying to get across the point of how it is to go to war and to come back with these actual events that happened. The events that are so spectacular that the almost seem surreal. Hemingway tells of a man that is lost. War was all that he knew, he did not have a trade all that he had was the art of war. He goes to bars to try and tell of his stories because that is all that is on his mind. The only problem with him doing this is that either the guys that are actually listening do not want to listen because they know he is lying or the guys that have come back home have already told the stories that were worth telling. Towards the end he starts to try and gain a cheap audience by lying just so he has someone to talk to. The problem with this is that he has a conscience, so the lying only makes him feel bad about himself. The man finds a solution to this, in order for him to keep his audiences and still be able to talk about his one true love, he just starts telling his stories with a complete different tactic. He will just tell the true stories and just throw some spice into it and no one will no the difference and he will feel better about himself. The second story, â€Å"How to tell a True War Story, has a complete different setting from, â€Å"A Soldier’s Home,’ Instead of it being found back at the home front, the soldiers are still on base trying to fit in amongst his comrades. They are all swapping stories and telling jokes and mostly everyone had an understanding. The understanding was the fishier the story probably meant the truer it was, but the dumber more believable stories were the lies that were told preceding the far fetched and only true story there was. This was the way it was there were the true stories and the lies, The only thing was that you had to decide which ones to believe or not. The both of these stories are quite similar but at the same time have a very large difference. The differences are very easy to point out. The main one is the setting of the story, they may be the difference of having to live with not knowing whether you are going to die tomorrow or not. The similarities are a very interesting likeness, Hemingway tells of a war veteran that to lie is the only way to get the attention of a bunch of drunks, but at the same time O’Brien is saying that you have to lie to get the attention of you’re fellow soldiers who are facing the same difficulties that you have to each and every day. O’Brien goes into detail how the protagonists thinks of all woman as an animate object, that they are as he would put it a â€Å"Cooze†. He feels that they are simple minded all because of one woman not returning his letter that he sent to her. Hemingway’s protagonist seems to have the same mindset. The only thing he sees woman as is something to look at, and that you can go anytime you feel like and pick one up. If you take the analysis from these stories alone you could come to the conclusion that all soldiers minds are exactly a like, at home and overseas. Research Papers on Comparing Hemingway's War PoemsMind TravelHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsHip-Hop is ArtThe Hockey GameThe Fifth HorsemanThree Concepts of PsychodynamicHonest Iagos Truth through Deception19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraWhere Wild and West Meet

Promoting language and literacy in early childhood Essay

Promoting language and literacy in early childhood - Essay Example Over the past fewer decades, however, the Hong Kong Government has taken a number of positive steps to ensure that early childhood programs provide a minimum level of acceptable quality of care and education. This paper focuses on the critical examination of the statement: â€Å"identification of the focus/ challenges of early language and/ or literacy learning in Hong Kong. Hence, thereby based on the focus or challenges that have been identified, a 5-day lesson plan in considerate to the language section only has been made that would highlight how addressing such issues would cover the learning needs of young learner(s). The importance behind writing this paper is its highlighting various issues that need to be considered while providing children with an educational environment which is conducive to bilingual development or literacy improvement in Honk Kong Kindergarten Education. The Hong Kong Special Region of China in Administration covers 1040 sq. kilometers. It has a population of more than 6.8 million. With the formation fo Sino- British Joint declaration. Described as one of the â€Å"barren island with hardly any house upon it† in the mid-1800s, by 1990s Hong Kong became the territory with the higher (GDP) in Asia. With a higher rate of population and greater GDP Hong Kong became one of the major senders of students abroad for their further studies. As one of the former British colony along with an international gateway to the Mainland of great China, Hong Kong aims to make itself as a bilateral (Chinese and English) along with a trilingual (Cantonese, English, and Putonghua) society. Although by seeing the statistics from 2006 by-census it shows that around 95% of the Hong Kong population is an ethnic Chinese(Hong Kong Government, 2006), both the Chinese and English are the ones official language. With the rapid development in the pre-school policy

Long-Term Investmet Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Long-Term Investmet Strategy - Essay Example A normal life insurance policy functions as a financial coverage for a person and his/her family in case of the person’s demise. Apart from that, a person can also enjoy a number of other returns, which the person would get after the contract matures. These profits are paid in a structured settlement or slabs (Oviatt 19). Life insurance is an agreement between both an insurer and an insured (insurance contract holder), where the insurer guarantees to pay a selected receiver a sum of cash (the "benefits") upon the passing away of the insured individual. Relying on the contract, other proceedings such as critical illness or terminal illness might also prompt payment. The contract holder normally pays a premium, either as a lump sum or regularly. Other expenses or costs, for instance funeral expenses, are also, at times, incorporated in the benefits. I raised a family, which always works hard to achieve their goals. This is because I also work hard in life to achieve my goals. Af ter retirement, the main thing I want to do is reward my children plus my wife for the hard work we have put to erect our family. Knowing that I will be retiring at the age of 60, and my two sons and one daughter all have well paying jobs plus my wife takes pride in taking care of her flower farm, the only thing I can think about is life insurance as a long term investment strategy for my people. I feel that if I will still be alive after my retirement days, then that money will help raise my family appropriately, but if I will be gone, then my wife or children will use that money constructively. I prefer life insurance since I can have a chance to grow that money without using it for a long time. The benefit to the policy holder is "peace of mind", bearing in mind that the death of the insured individual will not end in financial suffering for lenders and loved ones. It is feasible for life insurance contract payouts to be made so as to aid in supplementing retirement benefits. Nev ertheless, it should be vigilantly considered all through the funding and design of the policy itself. Life policy is an official contract of the terms, as well as the conditions of a contract, explaining the limitations and restrictions of the insured party. Detailed exclusions are frequently written into the policy to restrict the legal responsibility of the insurer (Oviatt 25). They normally have common examples, which are claims associated with fraud, suicide, war, civil commotion and riot. Life insurance has various types of bonuses. The main two, however, include reversionary bonus and terminal bonus. A reversionary (yearly) bonus is rewarded at the end of every year. The yearly bonus might comprise of two parts. The assured bonus is a sum usually expressed as a fiscal sum per ?1,000 sum assured (Oviatt 25). It is determined at the beginning of the contract and normally cannot be changed. The rest of the yearly bonus will rely on the investment return attained by the money sub ject to smoothing. The terminal bonus, on the other hand, is paid at the maturity of the policy or, at times, at the surrender of the contract. It is, at times, referred to as the concluding bonus. The terminal bonus stands for the insured’s entitlement to an amount of the fund, which has been held back for the aim of smoothing. In various

Feasibility study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Feasibility study - Essay Example A Feasibility study is an investigation of a proposed solution and the benefits of undertaking such an activity. The main Reasons why an organization conducts a study of such kind is that it helps them consider all the aspects associated with the activity and allows them to see whether they have the time and resources to implement such a system. Although it is done at the beginning of the project it can be detailed analysis (wisegeek) In this report we will analyze the current system that Bundberry uses to control their transport facility availed by the clients and the staff of the organization and then devise a plan to implement a new system that will integrate its entire system into one system using an ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system such as SAP in order to improve their booking system. We will also integrate an online booking system that will allow quick and easy way for the clients to use the service. Currently the organization is working on a very basic system that needs to be upgraded in such a way that it allows it to monitor and control their transport facility on a more real time basis so that they can ensure that there are no unnecessary costs incurred by the organization and that the booking system is efficient enough to provide timely service to the customers total satisfaction. An ERP system is a combination of core business practices and functions with the latest technology. (topbit). It integrates the core processes of the organization, enabling it to achieve its objectives using resources effectively and efficiently. These systems previously were only feasible for large organizations and companies to implement, However now with the help of online technologies, ERP can be virtually implemented by any kind and size of organization. It is software architecture at the heart of which lies the information that is the key to an organization’s success. At

The Competitive Strategy Of British Airways Economics Essay

The Competitive Strategy Of British Airways Economics Essay Any business has challenges from different elements like globalisation, information and technology, socio and cultural factors, political factors and so on. To meet these challenges a clear strategy is very crucial for any organization. A strategy is a clear vision of what the organisation will be based on a sustainable competitive advantage. Actually, strategy is a road map for future directions and scope. It is a long range plan for five years and more. It develops mission, objective and goals for an organisation. To develop an effective strategy any organisation must set an account with different factors. Environmental analysis, present analysis, strength, weakness, opportunities and so on are the factor through which a strategy can be developed. Are looking to buy products or services, they are looking for a wide range of products and services. They also want easy accessibility and hope to buy good quality products and services at a competitive price. They are really important as they provide money for the business in order to be successful. Suppliers stock the business with the supplies the business needs, if they are late then it will cause a conflict between business and suppliers. Therefor it is vital that all the business suppliers are on time. Suppliers are probably the third important part in a business, they provide the products/services and if they are not in time it poses to be a threat to the financial state of the business. On the other hand, suppliers arent that important in decision making because they are scared of losing their contract with British Airways. An economic system is loosely defined as a countries plan for its services, goods, and the exact way in which its economic plan is carried out. Basically there are three major/different types of economic systems prevailing around the world and they are: Market Economy: In a market economy, national and state governments play a minor role. Instead consumers and their buying decisions drive the economy. In this type of economic system, the assumptions of the market play a major role in deciding the right path for a countrys economic development. Market economies aim to reduce or eliminate entirely subsidies for a particular industry, the pre-determination of prices for different commodities, and the amount of regulation controlling different industrial sectors. The absence of central planning is one of the major features of this economic system. Market decisions are mainly dominated by supply and demand, the role of the government in a market economy is to simply make sure that the market is stable enough to carry out its economic activities properly. Planned Economy: A planned economy is also known as a command economy. The most important aspect of this type of economy is that all major decisions related to the production, distribution, commodity and service prices, are all made by the government. The planned economy is government directed, and market forces have very little say in such an economy. This type of economy lacks the kind of flexibility that is present a market economy, and because of this, the planned economy reacts slower to changes in consumer needs and fluctuating patterns of supply and demand. On the other hand, a planned economy aims at using all available resources for developing production instead of allocating the resources either for advertising or marketing. Mixed Economy: A mixed economy combines elements of both the planned and the market economies in one cohesive system. This means that certain features from both market and planned economic systems are taken to form this type of economy. This system prevails in many countries where neither the government nor the business entities control the economic activities of that country both sectors play an important role in the economic decision making of the country. In a mixed economy there is flexibility in some areas and government control in others. Mixed economies include both capitalist and social economic policies and often arise in societies that seek to balance a wide range of political and economic views. http://www.economywatch.com/world_economic-indicators/type British Airways operates in the Mixed economic system as British Airways was privatised on February 1987 and the government has less intervention as its a private company the only intervention that the government would have is only setting the prices of the air tickets. What is Social Welfare: Social welfare is about how people, communicate and institutions in a society take action to provide certain minimum standards and certain opportunities. It is generally about helping people facing contingencies. Social welfare which British Airways does for its employees. Social Welfare Policy: Is basically to improve and protect the standard of living of the people or citizens as a whole. In the United Kingdom the Name Social Policy is used to apply to the policies that the government uses for welfare and social protection and the ways in which welfare is basically developed in a society. There are various social welfare policies that the United Kingdoms adopts and they are: Social welfare policy that British Airways has adopted/follows: Health and social protection Employment Law Work place regulation Social fund Social security The impact that social welfare initiates on British Airways as well as the wider community is firstly that British Airways adopting the work place regulation is that it benefits the employees of British Airways and that the employees can work without any head aces as British Airways has provided all it employees with training in safety measures, plus rest time is given to the employees and to the crew members of British Airways accommodation is given because the crew is normally flying for endless hours/long journeys. The workers are also made alert about the basic terms and conditions of the organisation which are basically ethics, code of conduct, and the responsibility of the organisation. The other social welfare policy which British Airways provides its employees is social security for its employees similar to contribution benefits (Retirement pension, maternity allowances) and also non contributor benefits (social fund, working tax benefits) to its employees, which gives the employees the freedom to do whatever in their personal life. The Employment Law in British Airways states and illustrates the normal working hours, conditions, and the acts of the organisation. What is Industrial Policy: Industrial policy comprises all government interventions which consist of: Directed towards the supply side of the economy that consists of enterprises, industries, sectors). Aims to influence the industrial structure of the economy and its industrial changes. Industrial policy purposefully affects incentives to produce specific goods or incentives to enter or exit a specific goods market. It is not limited to manufacturing and includes all types of commercial economic activities. Industrial policy interventions have to be justified because if competitive markets worked adequately, any such intervention would: Distort optimal allocation, Distort dynamic competition and its benefits (innovation, flexibility, consumers sovereignty etc.). Privilege specific enterprises or industries or sectors at the expenses of others, Would disadvantage taxpayers and consumers. (An European industrial policy: concepts and consequences, Oliver Budzinski). Industrial policy is concerned; it is the government sponsored economic program in which the public and private sector coordinate their efforts to develop new technologies and industries. Government provides the financial support and capital to the private sector by direct subsidies, tax credits or government- run developmental banks. Industries policy emphasise cooperation between government, banks, private enterprise, and employees to strengthen the national economy. http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com Impact of Industrial policy on British Airways: In the United Kingdoms the Industrial policy has affected a lot of industries but the Industry that suffered the most was the aviation industry including all the airlines even British Airways. Therefore British Airways has changed its strategy of working and has been successful as British Airways adopted new policies. One of the policy that states to reduce Co2 emissions by 15% by all airlines and British Airways has decided to reduce by 50% as they are working on creating a new kind of fuel which is known as bio diesel which is pollution free and environment friendly. Fiscal Policy: Government spending policies that influences macroeconomic conditions. These policies affect tax rates, interest rates and government spending in an effort to control the economy. Monetary Policy: The action of a central, bank currency or other regulatory committee that determine the size and rate of growth of the money supply, which in turn affects interest rates. Monetary policy is maintained through actions such as increasing the interest rate, or changing the amount of money banks need to keep in the vault or bank reserves. Impact of fiscal and monetary policy on airline industry as well as British Airways: The principles of economics tell us that governments can sometimes improve market outcomes. Methods of influencing market outcomes can come in the form of monetary and fiscal policies. Monetary policies influence shifts in aggregate demand for goods and services by increasing the money supply, reducing the equilibrium interest rates and stimulating investment spending or decreasing the money supply, raising equilibrium interest rates, lowering investment spending (Mankiw, 2004). Fiscal policies shift the aggregate demand curve by increasing or decreasing government spending or through the increase or decrease in taxes (Mankiw). Because these policies influence aggregate demand, the government uses such policies to try and bring stabilization to the economy. Such polices affect different industries on many different levels. Some industries have positive effects and some negative. In analysing how monetary and fiscal policies affect the airline industry, we can look at how these policies affect employment, growth of the industry, and product prices. Many fiscal policies directed toward the airline industry have had profound effects. One such policy is represented by the excise taxes and fees levied on air carriers. Such taxes and fees are allocated by the Government to fund improvements of airports, provide security for the airlines and airports, allocate funding for the FAA, provide for services for international customers, and support operations at airpark facilities. These fees represent roughly 26% or $52 of a standard 200-dollar round-trip airline ticket (Air Transport Association, 2005). Current economic conditions of the airline industry are dismal, especially due to the tragic events of September 11th. The Air Transport Association (ATA) argues that such fiscal policy in these trying times hinder the air carriers ability to right themselves through a self-help policy. The ATA further explains that in an effort to stabilize the industry, such taxes and fees can account for the elimination of over 129,000 jobs, forced many carriers into bankruptcy, and, because consumers react heavily to price increases in this industry, hinder their ability to allocate funds by raising ticket prices. With this current fiscal policy, air carrier s have little manoeuvrability of funds to meet the demands of an operating budget. Mike Smith (personal communication, June 10, 2008), former owner of Pacific Crest Aviation in Big Bear Lake, CA, adds that governing agencies institute other fees to generate operating revenues for airports. On example of this is landing fees. Landing fees vary from airport to airport, but play a key role in the determination of where air carriers decide to base their operations. In attempts to accumulate more funding through fiscal policy, Mr. Smith explains that the FAA continues to suggest the implementation of user fees. Still to be determined how such a fee would impact the airline industry; present fiscal policies have air carriers screaming for reform. Deregulation is another fiscal policy that has considerably impacted areas of the airline industry. Since deregulation in 1979, the airline industry experienced substantial growth. With the emergence of new competition in the industry this created numerous amounts of jobs, drove ticket prices down, and expanded the available market for various air carriers. Through an industrial wide growth of over 200%, new carriers were able to open positions to thousands of new employees in various parts of the nation. Average ticket prices in 1979 remain relatively unchanged today. As an extremely competitive market emerged, the rally for passengers on each carriers flights kept ticket prices down as carrier created connecting flights through this new open sky policy; reaching more consumers, minimizing opportunity cost, and offering competitive pricing. The Airline industry continues to be affected by the overall condition of the nations economy. When healthy spending exists and pleasure travel is frequent, air carriers are able to fill flights, raise prices, and maintain a stable economic environment. However, when condition of the nations economy falls, so do the buying habits of the consumer. This is where the airline industry finds itself today. Struggling to fill flights in a slow economy and fighting heavy fiscal policy. Recent monetary policies made by the federal government to improve market conditions are sure to have an effect, but how it will impact employment, growth, and prices in the airline industry are still unknown. The most Recent monetary policy made by the government came in the form of economic stimulus checks. This in-flow of money into the economy in an attempt to stimulate the purchase of goods and services throughout the United States may help diminish the effects of our current sluggish economy. Little to no data exists to show how this has impacted any growth in the airline industry. So far, there seems to be little change in the spending habits of the consumer to travel via air. Because the economic position of the airline industry has been struggling for so long, improvements due to any single event may be impossible to track. Whether changes in fiscal policies, monetary policies, or internal carrier structure help to improve conditions in the airline industry, changes will happen slow and will reflect economic condition in the nations marketplace. By successfully managing opportunity cost, and adapting to an ever changing economic environment, airline industries can have economic success. However, the well-being of the nations economy will have a direct impact on the level of success experienced in the airline industry. During economic shortfalls in the nations economy, travellers will have fewer resources available to travel for pleasure. Contributing to the negative economic influences in the airline industry, future and existing policies targeting the airline industry will continue to hinder the industrys ability to recover losses in periods of economic hardships. http://www.taxreformpanel.gov Makiw, N.G. (2004) Principles of economics (3rd edition). Chicago, 2: Thomson South-Western. PESTLE Analyses on British Airways: PESTLE Factors Key Points Implications for British Airways Political Heavy regulation (AEA, 2009). Increased security due to past terrorist threats (DFT, 2008) Compliance is essential if British Airways wants to continue. Sufficient security measures should be in place to ensure consumer confidence and competitive advantage in maintenance. Economic Global economic crisis: world growth is projected to just over 2 per cent in 2009 (IMF, 2008). Pound weakness especially against the Euro. Oil prices declined by 50% since their peak retreating to 2007 levels. Decline in fuel prises the dollar strengthens (IMF, 2008). UK Consumer spending saw its sharpest decline for 13 years between July and September 2008 (Channel 4, 2008) Possible reduction in the amount of business travel as companies are cutting costs and using alternative means of communication such as telecom fencing. British Airways is vulnerable as a United Kingdom operating airline to a poor exchange rate. Fluctuation in oil prices and exchange rates will directly affect British Airways cost base. More intense competition. Social The United Kingdom has an aging population. Increasing Unemployment Potential opportunities for growth as older generations have more time to spend on leisure activities such as international travel. Increased bargaining power as an employee. Technological A recent survey revealed that 34% of online consumers plan to use price- comparison sites more in 2009 (NMA, 2009) Online booking services and check-in is becoming increasingly used by the airline industry. Increased consumer awareness and therefore bargaining power. British Airways must ensure that they remain up to date with these technological advances whilst avoiding becoming overly reliant, as this may isolate certain consumer markets (i.e. the elderly) who dont feel comfortable using such technology. Environmental/Ethical Noise pollution controls and energy consumption controls. Cancellations of flights and loss of baggage. New legislation (e.g. climate change bill) enforcing tighter environmental regulation may increase operational costs each year. Such ethical issues could have a detrimental effect on reputation if left unresolved. Legal Collusion and price fixing. Recognition of trade union and industrial action e.g. cabin crew strikes. Open skies agreement. Restriction on mergers will have an impact on British Airways proposed alliance with American Airlines. Good employee relations are essential if British Airways wants to avoid industrial action and interrupted operations. Opportunity for British Airways and its competitors to freely transport aircrafts between the European Union and the United States. Part 3 Investigate the behaviour of organizations and the market environment. What is Oligopoly: Oligopoly is a market which is normally dominated by a few numbers of large suppliers. The degree of market concentration is very high. Firms within an oligopoly produce branded products and also sometimes there is a barrier to new entries. Advantages as general: Firms or companies are able to reap economies of scale, due to large scale competition. Products cannot produce by individual firms on a small scale. There is an incentive to engage in research and development. They have the ability to earn super normal profits and capture large market share. Firms enjoy lower costs due to technological improvement. This results in higher profits which will improve the firms or companies capacity to withstand price war. http://www.blurtit.com/q2774865.html Disadvantages as general: Firms and companies are concerned with the activities of their competitors. If one firm or company reduces its prices the other companies would have to. How oligopoly has impacted the airline market and British Airways: In the late 1990s the European airline market was liberalised, lowering the barriers to entry. Traditional firms then faced competition as firms could enter the market more easily. New entrants used leased aircrafts to keep costs low. Firms have merged (such as Liberia Airways and British Airways did in 2000) to improve the firms horizontal integration. What is monopoly: A situation in which a single company owns all or nearly all of the market for a given type of product or service. This would happen in the case that there is a barrier to entry into the industry that allows the single company to operate without competition. In such an industry structure, the producer will often produce a volume that is less than the amount which would maximize social welfare. www.investwords.com/3112/monopoly.html . Advantages of monopoly as general: There is no risk of excess production. There is sufficient capital for research. Price of goods are reduced. The market can be controlled. Disadvantages of monopoly as general: The consumers are exploited. There is hardly and consumer choice. The price is high on products. As there is no competition it leads to inefficiency. The labour is exploited as the price charged is higher than the marginal cost. How monopoly has impacted the airline market and British Airways: There is no competition which would make the airlines inefficient. As there is no choice the consumer would have to take that one airline only. As the ticket prices could be high the consumers would prefer to take a train to their destination if the consumers destination is in Europe and this would cause a loss for the company. What is perfect competition: An ideal market structure characterized by a large number of small firms, identical products sold by all firms, freedom of entry into and exit out of the industry, and perfect knowledge of prices and technology. This is one of four basic, market structures. The other three are monopoly, oligopoly, and monopolistic competition. Perfect competition is an idealized market structure that is not observed in the real world. While unrealistic, it does provide an excellent benchmark that can be used to analyse real world market structure. In particular, perfect competition efficiently allocates resources. http://www.amosweb.com. Advantages of perfect competition as general: Optimal allocation of resources. Competition encourages efficiency. Consumers charged a lower price. Responsive to consumer wishes, change in demand, leads extra supply. Disadvantages of perfect competition as general: Insufficient profits for investment. Lack of product variety. Lack of competition over product design and specification. Unequal distribution of goods and income. Externalities .e.g. pollution. How perfect competition impacts airlines market and British Airways: As in the Airlines Industry there are many airlines and there is competition there can be either positive effects as well as negatives effects the positive effects of perfect competition is that the resources of the airlines is allocated to the point as there is competition the other airlines as well as British Airways is encouraged to work harder to beat the competition and there for the airlines charge its customers with a lower cost to gather more of the customers. The negative effects of perfect competition is that sometimes the return on the investment can be poor there is noise pollution being created by the noise of the plane engines and can affect the society with air pollution as it can harm the society. Part 4 Explain the significance of international trade and the European dimension for UK businesses. What is trade: Trade is the transfer of ownership of goods or services from one person to another person. Trade is also known as commerce or financial transaction or barter like in the old days. Trade can only take place in a market. A market is a place where buying and selling takes place it could be either in a shop, house or even the internet. Advantages of trade: Can increase international ties. Leads to specialisation and therefore increases efficiency. Increases standards of living. Disadvantages of trade: As there is excess production it leads to pollution. Can lead to a possible economical imperialism. Can cause a balance of payment problem which can lead to international debt. Why is trade important: To trade is important for a country because through trade a country gets its resources which it cant provide for itself, or its cheaper for a country to import than to produce locally. A country trades its resources to other countries that cannot produce them this means that its a big cycle where everyone trades until all the countries have what they exactly need while making some money by selling what they dont need. The country basically does it for the development of the country so that its people can get their daily bread and butter, clothes and necessities which they need that their country does not have access to, and to even do business with other countries through trade. What is international trade: International trade is exchange of capital, goods, and services across overseas boarders or territories. It basically refers to exports of goods and services by firms to a overseas buyer also known as a importer. In most countries it represents a significant share of gross domestic product also known a (GDP). Advantages of international trade: Improve domestic competitiveness. Helps to gain global market share. Reduces the dependency on existing market. Increases chances to expand. Disadvantages of international trade: Can take a very long time to gain. Additional cost can be incurred. Payments come after long. Licenses are need and deal has to be done in regulations. Why is international trade important: International trade is important because it allows other countries to take advantage of something known as comparative advantage. Comparative advantage means that a country is able to produce something by giving less for something else they want. Therefore even if a country in not able to produce the best quality product of anything, comparatively the countries can produce without giving up something. When countries take advantage of comparative advantage, the total output in the world increases and therefore everyone benefits from extra output and therefore international trade helps establish a higher standard of living. What is economic integration: Economic integration is the elimination of tariff and nontariff barriers to the flow of goods and services and the factors of production between a group of nations or various different parts of the same nation.

The Evil of Richard the Third :: essays research papers

The Evil of Richard III Shakespeare Richard III was a traitor, a murderer, a tyrant, and a hypocrite. The leading characteristics of his mind are scorn, sarcasm, and an overwhelming contempt. It appears that the contempt for his victims rather than active hatred or cruelty was the motive for murdering them. Upon meeting him he sounds the keynote to his whole character. " I, that am curtailed of this proportion, cheated of feature by dissembling nature, Deform'd, unfinish'd sent before my time Into this word scarce half made up"( 1.1.20-23) The first scene of the play begins with a soliloquy, which emphasizes Richard's physical isolation as he appears alone as he speaks to is audience. The idea of physical isolation is heightened by his references to his deformity such as "rudely stamped ....Cheated of feature by dissembling Nature, deformed unfinished". "( 1.1.21-22). This deformity would be an outward indication to his audience of the disharmony from Nature and viciousness of his spirit. As he hated "the idle pleasure of these days" and speaks of his plots to sent one brother against another, Richard seems socially apart from the figures around him, and perhaps regarded as an outsider or ostracized because of his deformity. His separation his family is emphasized when he says "Dive, thoughts down to my soul"(1.1.41) when he sees his brother approaching. He is unable to share his thought with his own family as he is plotting against them. Thus, we are given hints of his physical, social and spiritual isolation which is developed throughout the play. But despite these hints, he still refers to himself as part of the House of York, shown in the repeated use of "Our" The task which Shakespeare undertook was to mold the hateful constitution of Richard's Moral; character. Richard had to contend with the prejudices arising from his bodily deformity which was considered an indication of the depravity and wickedness of his nature. Richard's ambitious nature, his elastic intellect, and his want of faith in goodness conspire to produce his tendency to despise and degrade every surrounding being and object, even as his own person. He is never sincere except when he is about to commit a murder. "therefore, since I can not prove a lover, To entertain these fair well spoken days, I am determined to be a villain".As a villain Richard must be heartless, he can not let his emotions interfere with his actions.

African Americans and the Civil War Essay

In the world we live in many people take a lot for granted. Just the small simple things people don’t really appreciate, being ungrateful for the things that have been given to them. Many people and different situations have paved the way for our generation to become much easier to live in. African Americans during the civil rights movement had to face a lot of trills in order to make the world a better place. Many people don’t appreciate that because they are unaware of just how much grief African Americans had to go though to create a path for the upcoming generation. African Americans faced many hardships during the civil rights movement, some of those hardships were segregation, voting rights, and assassination of prominent African American leaders. Segregation was such a big obstacle for African Americans because not only were they not allowed to go certain places it became bigger than that. Everything in African Americans lives were split in half. There were white only signs places all over there towns. White only signs for bathrooms, restaurants, and water fountains. Everything was separated between the two races blacks and whites. One event that really stuck out like a sore thumb was The Montgomery Bus Boycott. During, the time of segregation blacks were allowed to ride the buses, but many rules had to apply. Blacks had a black’s only section on the bus that could be moved in any location of the bus. That means that the blacks’ only sign could be moved in front of two rows on the bus if that’s what the bus driver wanted. Black riders had to pay their bus far on the front of the bus and get off to walk to the back of the bus to ride. Some bus drivers would allow the blacks to pay and when the step off the bus the bus driver would drive away and leave them. When blacks did receive a chance to ride on the bus, if a white person did not have a seat to sit in a black person had to give up their seat. The blacks of Montgomery, Alabama, decided that they would boycott the city buses until they could sit anywhere they wanted, instead of being relegated to the back when a white boarded. On December 1, 1955, Mrs. Rosa Parks, an African American seamstress, was arrested in Montgomery, Alabama for not standing and letting a white bus rider take her seat. The plan to stop the whites from making the blacks move was the boycott. Blacks would no longer ride the buses anymore. That means that the bus companies were losing a lot of money. Blacks would walk to work or school and even carpool, but would not step foot on the buses. The boycott continued for over a year. Eventually, the United States Supreme Court put an end to the boycott. On November 13, 1956 the Court declared that Alabama’s state and local laws requiring segregation on buses were illegal. On December 20th federal injunctions were served on city and bus company officials forcing them to follow the Supreme Court’s ruling. African Americans had to face a lot just so that they could be treated as an equal on the bus. Segregation played a huge role in the school system. In public schools more so than any. That’s what stated the big flare Brown vs. Board of Education. The 1954 United States Supreme Court decision in Oliver L. Brown vs. the Board of Education of Topeka (KS) is among the most significant judicial turning points in the development of our country. Originally led by Charles H. Houston, and later Thurgood Marshall and a formidable legal team, it dismantled the legal basis for racial segregation in schools and other public facilities. Brown vs. Board of Education was not simply about children and education. The laws and policies struck down by this court decision were products of the human tendencies to prejudge, discriminate against, and stereotype other people by their ethnic, religious, physical, or cultural characteristics. Ending this behavior as a legal practice caused far reaching social and ideological implications, which continue to be felt throughout our country. The Brown decision inspired and galvanized human rights struggles across the country and around the world. The U. S. Supreme Court decision in Brown began a critical chapter in the maturation of our democracy. It reaffirmed the sovereign power of the people of the United States in the protection of their natural rights from arbitrary limits and restrictions imposed by state and local governments. These rights are recognized in the Declaration of Independence and guaranteed by the U. S. Constitution. Brown was giving African Americans the opportunity to be accepted as an individual and not just as a race. Now, you would think that after the Brown vs. Board of Education whites would accept African Americans and treat them better. That was not the case and segregation did not stop there. Although, many people had hoped that it would it took the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to really make a change. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a landmark piece of legislation in the United States that outlawed major forms of discrimination against blacks and women, and ended racial segregation in the United States. It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public. Once the Act was implemented, its effects were far-reaching on the country as a whole and had an immediate impact on the South. It prohibited discrimination in public facilities, in government, and in employment, invalidating the Jim Crow laws in the southern U. S. It became illegal to compel segregation of the races in schools, housing, or hiring. After passage of the law, the NAACP was the only major civil rights organization to maintain a large membership in the South, where it concentrated on organizing the ongoing struggle for black civil rights. During 1965-75, the NAACP remained committed to using litigation to challenge racial injustice. African Americans had to fight hard to get what they deserved and it took a lot of patients and time to receive change but it finally happened. That is we segregation ended and Africans were free to sit, eat, talk, shop, and work anywhere they wanted. Being able to vote is a very important ordeal. Many people in this day and time take advantage of being able to voice their opinions. Not taking advantage of who we desire to have in office is a sign of being ungrateful. African Americans were not given that right years ago. African Americans had to fight just so that they could vote. That’s when the Voting Act of 1965 came in play. Before, this Act was enforced African Americans had to take a literacy tests and pay poll taxes. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 abolished literacy tests and poll taxes designed to disenfranchise African American voters, and gave the federal government the authority to take over voter registration in counties with a pattern of persistent discrimination. Echoing the language of the 15th Amendment, the Act prohibits states from imposing any â€Å"voting qualification or prerequisite to voting, or standard, practice, or procedure to deny or abridge the right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of race or color. The Act was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, a Democrat, who had earlier signed the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law. Being able to vote was an honor and so many people don’t even both to go vote during the elections today. African Americans fought for the right to vote without having to take tests or pay poll taxes and people still don’t go out to vote. That is taking voting rights for granted. Being an African American during the civil rights movement was a challenge, but being an African American woman was even difficult. That’s when the period of women’s suffrage played its role. Women’s Suffrage is the right of women to vote and to run for office. The expression is also used for the economic and political reform movement aimed at extending these rights to women and without any restrictions or qualifications such as property ownership, payment of tax, or marital status. Being a woman in this time period restricted of many rights. Women’s suffrage has been granted at various times in various countries throughout the world, and in many countries it was granted before universal suffrage. Without women’s suffrage women would still be restricted to make decisions and just be limited to being mothers and wives. The women’s suffrage broke that cycle. The best way to leave a positive mark on the world is being a leader. It takes a lot of heart, courage, and sacrifice, in becoming a great leader. Leaders are persons that people look up to. They depend on a leader to give them hope to carry on and a positive role model to look up to. There were not too many people that wanted to take the position of being a leader, but a few chose to step up to the plate. African Americans needed kind and encouraging words to help uplift them during the civil rights movement. Two great leaders Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Melcolm X took on a job to lead the world into a better place called freedom. The two leaders gave African Americans hope to continue on when they wanted to just give up. African Americans depended on these two prominent leaders to strengthen them. African Americans during the civil rights movement needed to relay on someone and those leaders were the perfect ones. No one would have ever been ready for what was expected to come. For years African American have been told what they could and couldn’t do. They have been talked about, abused, lied on, and have had everything taken from them. But, still they have stayed strong through it all. When all they had were two great prominent leaders and they were taken from them as well they still stayed strong. Two great prominent leaders were assonated. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. Martin Luther King Jr. was an American clergyman, activist, and prominent leader in the African American civil rights movement. He was best known for being an iconic figure in the advancement of civil rights in the United States and around the world, using nonviolent methods following the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi. King was often presented as a heroic leader in the history of modern American liberalism. A Baptist minister, King became a civil rights activist early in his career. He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957, serving as its first president. King’s efforts led to the 1963 March on Washington, where King delivered his â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech. There, he expanded American values to include the vision of a color blind society, and established his reputation as one of the greatest orators in American history. But, as people have said â€Å"all things must come to an end. † At 6:01 p. m. on April 4, 1968, a shot rang out. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. , who had been standing on the balcony of his room at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, TN, lay sprawled on the balcony’s floor. A gaping wound covered a large portion of his jaw and neck. A great man who had spent thirteen years of his life dedicating himself to nonviolent protest had been felled by a sniper’s bullet.

Okonkwos Fear-From Things Fall Apart Essays - Free Essays

Okonkwo's Fear-From Things Fall Apart Essays - Free Essays Okonkwo's Fear-From Things Fall Apart Okonkwos fear Things Fall Apart, written by Chinua Achebe, is a story of a man whose life is dominated by his fears. There are many subtle themes throughout this book. One theme that cries out over the rest is Okonkwos, the main character, fear of weakness as seen through his childhood, his oldest son, and eventually his death. Since his childhood, Okonkwo was ashamed of his father, In his day he (Unoka) was lazy and improvident and was quite incapable of thinking about tomorrow(p.4). By the standard of his clan, Unoka was a coward and squanderer. When he was a child, a boy called Okonkwos father an agbala. This word means woman as well as a man who has no title. His carelessness left numerous debts unpaid at his death. Ashamed of his father, Okonkwo worked hard and fought well to gain a reputation of high status and influence in his clan. He acquired three wives, one whom gave him his first son. Okonkwos first wife, whose name is never mentioned, gave birth to his first son, Nwoye. Okonkwo saw Nwoye weak and lazy from an early age. For this, Nwoye was beaten constantly. Okonkwo was highly demanding of his family because of his obsession not to be like his father. He mistook this behavior as masculinity. He wished his son were a promising, manly son like his friend Obierikas son, Maduka, who was also a great fighter. One night the town of Umuofia was told that someone in Mbaino had killed one of their daughters. The woman was Ugbeufi Udos wife. The blood price for the murder was a virgin and young man to Umuofia. The virgin was given to Ugbeufi Udo as his wife. They did not know what to do with the young boy, Ikemefuna. Okonkwo was asked on behalf of the clan to take care of the boy. Secretly, Okonkwo grew fond of Ikemefuna, Even Okonkwo himself became very fond of the boy-inwardly of course. Okonkwo never showed any emotion openly, unless it be the emotion of anger(p.28). Ik emefuna lived with Okonkwo and his family for three years until the time came when the Oracle said that Ikemefuna had to be killed. Okonkwo was warned not to have any part in killing the boy who called him father. He ignored this and upon returning sank into a deep depression which kindled the affliction inside of him. Not only the death of Ikemefuna, but also the accidental killing of Ogbeufi Ezeudus son, which gets Okonkwo and his family exiled for seven years, aides in his depression. To atone for the killing of his clansmens son, Okonkwo and his family were cast out of Umuofia and were forced to go live with his mothers clan in Mbanta. In their second year a group of six missionaries traveled to Mbanta and tried to persuade the people from their false gods of wood and stone to the one true God. They captured Nwoye and he later joined their congregation. When Okonkwo was informed of the news he strangled Nwoye in anger. He questioned how he could have fathered such a weak son. At the end of the seven-year exile, Okonkwo was able to return home. However, the church had taken over Umuofia also. Nothing was the same. Okonkwo refused to integrate with the new visitors. He thought that the clans failure to remove them was womanly. Almost happy again, Okonkwo began to accept the new Umuofia. Then the leaders of the clan, including Okonkwo, were taken for ransom by the church. Deeply angered by what was happening, Okonkwo killed one of the leaders at a meeting. The pacif ication of Okonkwos clan is what depressed him. He knew his clan would not go to war. This desire to act violently all goes back to his fathers lack of desire. In the end the violence settled on Okonkwo, when he hung himself. In conclusion, all these aspects: his childhood, his first son and Ikemefuna, and his death contribute in explaining Okonkwos fear of weakness. Okonkwos life was controlled by his fears. He valued the success of his family and the community with his own success. If Nwoye was weak it was because

Free Essays on Leaving

I felt the warmth of my mother’s hands on my soft skin while she held my face. Her soft voice whispered in my ear â€Å"good night†. It was a cold winter night after Christmas as my mother tucked me in to bed, like she always had. After telling me good night her lips hit my cheek to give me the last kiss she ever would. As she walked out, I told her â€Å"I love you with all my heart and always will.† In the, morning the warmth of the sun hit my face and woke me up like any other morning, but something was different, something just wasn’t right. I lay in my warm bed, trying to ascertain why I wasn’t feeling right. I jumped out of bed and woke my little brother up to go eat breakfast. As we walked down the hall, I heard my dad pouring a cup of hot coffee. â€Å"Daddy is mom still sleeping,† I asked. Mom will be gone for a while but baby, don’t worry he told my brother and me in a sad voice. We will be just fine. I didn’t understand why my mom would be gone though. I asked myself â€Å" will she ever come back?† Seven years have gone by and still my mom is gone, and my life has changed more than I thought it would. â€Å" Jess, get Drew’s clothes ready for school tomorrow,† my dad would admonish me every night before going to bed. Making sure my brother would be ready for school every morning, making sure he ate breakfast before he left for school, and making sure his homework was done everyday was what my mother used to do every morning and day; but now she is gone. Now that she is gone I have to take that place. Now that I am the only lady in the house, I have to be the mother. No more going out on Friday nights with my friends, no more doing whatever I want. Every Friday, my friends would go out to the movies, and have fun without me. I had to stay home and make sure everything was right for my family. Now I have responsibilities like my brother who is now like my son. He thinks of me as not only a sister but a mother... Free Essays on Leaving Free Essays on Leaving I felt the warmth of my mother’s hands on my soft skin while she held my face. Her soft voice whispered in my ear â€Å"good night†. It was a cold winter night after Christmas as my mother tucked me in to bed, like she always had. After telling me good night her lips hit my cheek to give me the last kiss she ever would. As she walked out, I told her â€Å"I love you with all my heart and always will.† In the, morning the warmth of the sun hit my face and woke me up like any other morning, but something was different, something just wasn’t right. I lay in my warm bed, trying to ascertain why I wasn’t feeling right. I jumped out of bed and woke my little brother up to go eat breakfast. As we walked down the hall, I heard my dad pouring a cup of hot coffee. â€Å"Daddy is mom still sleeping,† I asked. Mom will be gone for a while but baby, don’t worry he told my brother and me in a sad voice. We will be just fine. I didn’t understand why my mom would be gone though. I asked myself â€Å" will she ever come back?† Seven years have gone by and still my mom is gone, and my life has changed more than I thought it would. â€Å" Jess, get Drew’s clothes ready for school tomorrow,† my dad would admonish me every night before going to bed. Making sure my brother would be ready for school every morning, making sure he ate breakfast before he left for school, and making sure his homework was done everyday was what my mother used to do every morning and day; but now she is gone. Now that she is gone I have to take that place. Now that I am the only lady in the house, I have to be the mother. No more going out on Friday nights with my friends, no more doing whatever I want. Every Friday, my friends would go out to the movies, and have fun without me. I had to stay home and make sure everything was right for my family. Now I have responsibilities like my brother who is now like my son. He thinks of me as not only a sister but a mother...

English 103 - Research essay - A Rose for Emily

English 103 - Research - A Rose for Emily - Essay Example â€Å"A Rose for Emily† can be approached in several ways by the reader: as a tragic love story which depicts Emily’s great love for Homer Barron; as a comment on life in the deep American South as it grapples with the changing times; as a cold-blooded murder shrouded in mystery; and as a psychological tale of madness and isolation. However it is approached, the story is undoubtedly a gripping piece of fiction which captivates the reader. Several themes are woven into the narrative, contributing to its richness. These themes mirror the characteristics of the Old South. â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is a narrative set in the Old South where racism, classism and sexism are an integral part of society. As a story which is set in the deep American South, â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is inevitably touched by the inherent racism of the southern plantations. The agrarian economy of the south depended on inhumane slave labor for profitability in its cotton and tobacco plantations. It is commonly acknowledged that, even after the defeat of the South and the abolition of slavery, southern society continued to be characterized by strong racist attitudes. This racism lingered on for decades and African-Americans remained unassimilated into southern society. In â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† Faulkner skillfully highlights this prevalent racism through the voice of the narrator and through his characterization of Emily’s Negro servant, Tobe. The narrator, representing the Jefferson community, is lightly dismissive of Emily’s servant. He is seen merely as â€Å"an old man-servant--a combined gardener and cook† (Faulkner, I). He is not perceived to be a person in his own right, but only in terms of being Emily’s man-of-all-trades. He is casually referred to as â€Å"the old Negro,† (Faulkner, I) and â€Å"the Negro man† (Faulkner, IV). The

International peopel management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

International peopel management - Essay Example However this is not a child’s play despite all the help and guidance provided by the books and articles on this respective subject. Managers who are putting an effort to find out face several problems and hurdles and this is what this article will deal with the problems of investigating employee commitment in an organization. Before we move on to the main topic of our discussion it is very important that we make clear that exactly employment commitment is, what are the different types, why is it so important and what are the symptoms of low employment commitment. This is what this section will deal in. Employment commitment in simple English can be defined as the emotional connection that a worker feels towards his or her organization. Along with this it is also the degree to which he associates himself with his respective firm and the feeling of belonging he has for the firm. In short it can be defined as the attachment of an emotional level to ones firm. It will be a surprise to know that not all types of commitment are desirable and they also have different factors that lead to different types of commitments (Kickul 2001). For the purpose of understanding we will take up two kinds of commitment here, the first one being effective commitment which is the true emotional connection of an individual havin g with the firm. This is also known as organizational loyalty. However this emotional connection can be towards peers, customers, profession or the job and not necessarily the whole of the organization. The second type of commitment is the continuance commitment. This is not completely an emotional connection but more of a mental act. This basically exists when employees feel that it is best for them to stay with the firm they are working for their personal benefit. For instance, if they find their firm progressing effectively and successfully they will find it